板(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)的適用(yong)條件(jian)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是(shi)由一(yi)系列(lie)(lie)具有(you)(you)一(yi)定波紋形狀的金屬片疊裝(zhuang)而成的一(yi)種新型(xing)高(gao)效(xiao)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。各(ge)種板(ban)(ban)片之間(jian)形成薄(bo)矩形通道，通過板(ban)(ban)片進(jin)(jin)行(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)量交換。板(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)雙管(guan)板(ban)(ban)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是(shi)液-液、液-汽進(jin)(jin)行(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)交換的理(li)想設備。它具有(you)(you)換熱(re)(re)(re)效(xiao)率高(gao)、熱(re)(re)(re)損失小、結構緊湊輕巧(qiao)、占(zhan)地面積(ji)(ji)小、安裝(zhuang)清洗方便、應(ying)用(yong)廣(guang)泛(fan)、使用(yong)壽命長等特點。在(zai)相同(tong)壓力損失情況下，其(qi)傳熱(re)(re)(re)系數(shu)比列(lie)(lie)管(guan)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)高(gao)3-5倍，占(zhan)地面積(ji)(ji)為管(guan)式(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)的三分之一(yi)，熱(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)率可高(gao)達90%以(yi)上。
基本分(fen)類一般(ban)情況下，我們主要根(gen)(gen)據結構(gou)來(lai)區(qu)分(fen)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)，也(ye)就是根(gen)(gen)據外形(xing)來(lai)區(qu)分(fen)，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為四大類:①可(ke)(ke)拆(chai)卸板式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)(又(you)叫帶(dai)密封墊片的(de)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi))、②焊接板式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)、③螺(luo)旋(xuan)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)、④板卷式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)(又(you)叫蜂窩式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi))。
其中(zhong)，焊接(jie)板式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器又分為:半焊接(jie)板式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器、全(quan)焊接(jie)板式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器、板殼式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器、釬焊板式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器。經常用(yong)到的分類還有以下:
1>根據(ju)單位(wei)空間內的(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)面(mian)積的(de)多少，板式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)屬于緊湊(cou)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)，主(zhu)要是與(yu)管(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)進行(xing)比較，傳統的(de)管(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)占地(di)較大。
2>根(gen)(gen)據工(gong)藝用(yong)途，又有不(bu)同的(de)叫法:板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷卻器(qi)(qi)、板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)、板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)預熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi);3>根(gen)(gen)據流(liu)程組合，分(fen)(fen)為單程板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)和(he)多(duo)程板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi);4>根(gen)(gen)據兩種(zhong)介(jie)質的(de)流(liu)動方向，分(fen)(fen)為順(shun)流(liu)(并(bing)流(liu))板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、逆流(liu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、交(jiao)叉(cha)流(liu)(橫流(liu))板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)，后兩者用(yong)的(de)比(bi)較(jiao)多(duo);5>按照流(liu)道的(de)間(jian)隙大小(xiao)，分(fen)(fen)為常規(gui)間(jian)隙板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)和(he)寬間(jian)隙板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi);6> 按照波紋(wen)，板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)有更詳細的(de)分(fen)(fen)別，不(bu)再累(lei)述，請參考:板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)片波紋(wen)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)。
7> 按照是(shi)否是(shi)成套產(chan)品，可分為單(dan)機板式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器、板式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器機組。
板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(Plate Type Heat Exchanger)，本成(cheng)套設備由板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)、平(ping)衡槽(cao)、離(li)心(xin)式衛生(sheng)(sheng)泵、熱水(shui)裝(zhuang)置(包(bao)括蒸汽管路、熱水(shui)噴入(ru)器(qi))、支架以及儀表箱等組成(cheng)。用于牛(niu)奶(nai)或其(qi)它(ta)熱敏(min)感性液體之(zhi)殺(sha)菌(jun)冷卻(que)。欲處(chu)理的物料(liao)先進入(ru)平(ping)衡槽(cao)，經離(li)心(xin)式衛生(sheng)(sheng)泵送入(ru)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)、經過預熱、殺(sha)菌(jun)、保溫、冷卻(que)各段(duan)，凡未達到殺(sha)菌(jun)溫度(du)的物料(liao)，由儀表控(kong)制(zhi)氣動(dong)回流(liu)閥換(huan)(huan)向(xiang)、再(zai)回到平(ping)衡槽(cao)重新(xin)處(chu)理。物料(liao)殺(sha)菌(jun)溫度(du)由儀表控(kong)制(zhi)箱進行(xing)自(zi)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)和連續(xu)記錄(lu)，以便對殺(sha)菌(jun)過程進行(xing)監視和檢查。此設備適用于對牛(niu)奶(nai)預殺(sha)菌(jun)、巴(ba)式殺(sha)菌(jun)。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)的型(xing)式主(zhu)要有框架式(可(ke)拆(chai)卸式)和釬焊式兩大(da)類(lei)，板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)片(pian)(pian)形式主(zhu)要有人字形波紋(wen)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、水(shui)平(ping)平(ping)直(zhi)波紋(wen)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和瘤形板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)片(pian)(pian)三種。
板(ban)式(shi)雙管(guan)板(ban)換熱(re)(re)器固然具有以上優點(dian)，但它并(bing)不能完(wan)全取代(dai)管(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器。一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)板(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器對介質的(de)(de)潔(jie)凈程度要(yao)求較高，它要(yao)求介質中雜質顆粒直徑小(xiao)于(yu) 1.5~2mm;另一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)早(zao)期的(de)(de)板(ban)框式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器 (俗稱可拆(chai)式(shi)板(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器 )只能適用于(yu)工作(zuo)壓力小(xiao)于(yu) 1.6MPa、工作(zuo)溫度介于(yu) 120~165℃之(zhi)間的(de)(de)工況。
因換熱(re)(re)站熱(re)(re)源采用的(de)是(shi) 1.1MPa;230℃的(de)過熱(re)(re)蒸汽，受(shou)密封墊片(pian)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)限制(zhi) (普通 EPDM墊片(pian)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen) 150℃，耐(nai)(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)的(de) EPDM墊片(pian)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei) 180℃，耐(nai)(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen) PTFE墊片(pian)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)也僅為(wei)(wei) 220℃，且價格(ge)(ge)昂貴，為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen) EPDM墊片(pian)的(de) 8倍(bei)左右 )，故傳統可拆式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)不適用于(yu)該工況要求(qiu)。 如采用釬焊式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)或激光全焊接式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)，設備購置(zhi)本錢大 (約(yue)是(shi)可拆式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)價格(ge)(ge)的(de) 3~5倍(bei) )，且不可拆卸(xie)，不便于(yu)維(wei)修。
所以，終極采(cai)(cai)用(yong)在傳統可拆式(shi)(shi)板式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器前加(jia)減(jian)(jian)溫裝置的(de)方案，在此方案中(zhong)，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)傳熱(re)效率較(jiao)低(di)，但耐(nai)溫等級(ji)較(jiao)高的(de)管殼式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器作(zuo)為蒸汽(qi)減(jian)(jian)溫器，利用(yong)一部分供熱(re)回(hui)水(shui)(shui) (約占總回(hui)水(shui)(shui)流量的(de) 10%左右 )將過熱(re)蒸汽(qi)降(jiang)到(dao) 150~180℃，之后，進(jin)進(jin)板式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器將剩余(yu)部分的(de)供熱(re)回(hui)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)行加(jia)熱(re)，此方案充份(fen)利用(yong)了(le)兩種熱(re)交換(huan)器的(de)上風，同時(shi)采(cai)(cai)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)側采(cai)(cai)用(yong)并聯的(de)運行方式(shi)(shi)，較(jiao)串(chuan)聯方式(shi)(shi)更有效地減(jian)(jian)小了(le)壓(ya)力降(jiang)，更加(jia)節(jie)能。
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